Soluble cutting oil



. asulfurized fatty oil.

,ploy a however, now discovered improved lubricating Patented May 25, 1943 UNITED STATE SOLUBLE oo'r'rmo on.

Einar W. Carlson,

Roselle Park, and Elmer B.

Cyphers, Clark Township, Union County, N. ,L, assignors toStandard Oil Development Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application my 5, 1941,

- 'Serial No. 401,218 I 12 Claims. (Cl; 252-495) The present invention is concerned with an improved lubricating and cooling composition. The invention more particularly is concerned with a non-foaming oil emulsion which is adapted for lubricating and cooling of various metallic surfaces under machining operations whereby the numerous chips formed in these operations readily separate from the cooling composition and are removed therefrom. In accordance with the present invention, improved soluble cutting oils are produced by utilizing, in conjunction with conventional cutting oils, an addition agent which is selected from the class of phenols and derivatives thereof. a

It is well known in the ting, and related arts to employ various lubricatlng oil emulsions which function to lubricate and cool the metal cutting tools employed in turning, drilling, grinding, and similar operations. These emulsions in general usually comprise a mineral oil, an emulsifying agent and water. For example, it is known to use as cutting fluids aqueous emulsionsof mineral oils with sulfonate and naphthenic soaps derived from petroleum as emulsiflers as well as aqueous emulsions of emulsiflable extreme pressure lubricants or sulfur oils such as These emulsions furthermetal fabricating, cutmore may also contain relatively small amounts of various coupling agents and other dispersing agents such as rosin soaps and alkalies which function to improve a particular characteristic of the composition. Although these emulsion compositions may be entirely satisfactory with respect to the lubricating and cooling characterlstics, they are not entirely satisfactory due to the fact that the constituents employed in the same tend to retain the small metal chips which are evolved in the machining operation suspended in the cooling fluid. ,Thus, the metal chips are recirculated to the point of contact between the tool and the metal being'fabricated, materially impairing at times the quality and character of the resulting work.

. In order to overcome this inherent disadvantageof conventional lubricating and cooling compositions, many proposals have been made for the separation of the metal chips. For example, it has been proposed that the solution be filtered prior to recirculating the same to the point of contact between fabricated, but it is frequently impossible to emfllter in the circulating system. We have,

and cooling compositions which compositions contain an addition agent which facilitates the precipitation and removal'of undesirable .chips which would otherwise be retainedin said composition and recirculated as described above. In accordance with our invention, we add to said I conventional lubricating and cooling composition the tool and the metal'beins an addition agent selected from a class of phenols and derivatives thereof.

Our addition agent is selected from a class of alkylated, phenols characterized by having at least two alkyl groups attached. directly to the phenolic ring. Compounds of this character are, ,for example, the various xylenols, and, we haveconventional soluble oil composition: For example, the base mineral oil of the soluble oil may vary considerably and may comprise an oil which boils in the lubricating oil boiling range, a spindle oil, a light oil or a similar type ofoil.

Distillate oils derived from paraflinlc or, naphthenic crudes and having Saybolt visoosities at 210 F. between seconds and 200 seconds are generally suitable. Usually the oilshave visoosities below about 500 seconds at 190 F. although under certain conditions more viscous oils may be employed); In general, the amount of base mineral oil employed in the soluble oil variesin concentrations of about 50% lac-% Any suitable emulsifying agent may be employed to render the base oil readily miscible or emulsifiablewith water. Suitable emulsifying agents are sodium, potassium or onium base nap'hthenates or .sulfonates; organic naphthenate soaps, such as diand triethanolarnine naphthenate may likewise be used. In general, it is preferred to employ a mixture of nap thenate or naphthenic sulfonate as, for examp e, one partnaphthenate to four parts sulfonate. The usual concentration of the emulsifying agent in the mineral oil is about 5% to 40% by weight.

agents of this character are, for example, polyhydric alcohols: and polyhydric' alcohol ethers, examples of which are glycol and glycol ethers,

0 such as diethylene glycol and dlethylene glycol monobutyl ether. Usually the amount of dispersing a ents utilized is about 0.5% to 3% based 7 upon the weight of base oil.

The emulsiflable oils may also contain rosin:

which, like the naphthenic acids, are neutralized with alkalies to'form soaps. Such soaps have an alkaline reaction in water. Thus, it is not necessary to have an excess of alkali for this.

0 Free inorganic alkalies are ciliflcult to keep-in" solution or dispersion. Often iree alkali is added,

Various coupling agents adapted to disperse.

any manner whatsoever:.

however, to the emulsion already prepared to improve rust protection. The emulsifiable oil compositions may be mixed in any desirable concentration with water. In general, these oils are emulsified with from about 10 volumes to 200- volumes of water per volume of oil.

The amount of addition agent employed in a soluble' oil composition to settle out the chipsfrom' its emulsion will vary somewhat depending upon the type of soluble oil, that is, on the particular base oil utilized, but does'not appear to be afiected appreciably by the quantity of water used in the emulsion. In general, we prefer to ing operations and tested for chip settlement from 150/1 emulsions:

Soluble Soluble Soluble Soluble oil #1 oil #2 oil oil #4 Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Mineral oil 85. l 84. 2 92.80 82.

Mahogany suliouates. 9. 5 9. 4 4. 60 5.

Sodium naphthenate 2. 8 2. 8 1. 37 10.

star 1. 7 1. 7 0.83 1.

Alcohol 0. 9 0. 9 0. 44 1. Oleic acid 1.0

'lriethanolaminc 0.

Approximately Ibo-volumes of water and one volume of the soluble oil containing 1% of the selected additive were mixed in stoppered graduated cylinders to form a stable emulsion, A small quantity of washed and dried steel grindings were then added and shaken moderately -to distribute the chips uniformly. The resulting These data indicate the efiectiveness oi xyienols for promoting chip settlement from the 15011 emulsions when employed in a 1% concentration in the soluble oil (equivalent to a 0.0067% concentrationin the emulsion). It is interesting to find that the coal tar 'cresylic acids, which are said to contain appreciable quantities of the para isomer,

'tion comprising a base oil, an emulsifying agent of the oil-in-water type, and an addition agent selected from the class of phenols which are characterized by having at least two alkyl groups attached directly to the phenolic ring.

2. Composition'as defined by claim iin whichsaid addition agent comprises a xylenol.

3. A composition according to claim 1 in which the addition agent is a distillate selected from the group consisting of petroleum, coal tar and shale oil distillates boiling between 21 0-300 C.

4. Composition as defined by claim 1 in which said addition agentcomprises from 0.1 to 5% of 3,5 xylenol.

5 Improved alkaline-soluble oil composition which comprises a base oil having a Saybolt viscosity of 210 F. between about 60 seconds and 200 seconds, an emulsifying agent selected from the class of sodium, potassium and onlum base naphthenates and sulfonates, a dispersing agent selected from the'class of polyhydric alcohols and an addition'agent selected from the class of phenols which are characterized by having two alkyl groups attached directly to the phenolic ring.

suspension was then allowed to stand undisturbed until separation of the chips was substantially complete. The time required for this separation was measured. The results of these tests with the above soluble oils were as follows:

6. Composition as'defined 'by claim 5 in which said addition agent comprises a mlenol.

7. A composition in accordance with claim 5 in which the addition agent is a distillate selected.

from the group consisting of petroleum, coal tar and shale oil distillates boiling between 210-300' 8. Composition as defined by claim 5 in which said addition agent comprises from 0.1 to 5% of 3,5-xylenol. v g 9. An improved alkaline lubricating and cooling composition comprising a base oil, an emulsifying agentof the oil-in-water type, water, a

small amount of alkali and an addition agent selected from the class of phenols which are characterized; by having at least 2 alkyl groups attached directly to the phenolic ring.

10. A composition as defined by claim 9 in which said addition agent comprises a xylenol. 11. A composition as defined by claim 9 in which the addition agent is a distillate selected from the group consisting of petroleum, coal tar and shale oil distillates boiling between 210- Steel diimg h 0 lugs lu secon s emu s on settle withwith 0.4%

out alkali soda ash in emulsion Soluble oil #1 (1) 17-2) 60 Ditto+I% xylenols (mixture) (2) 13 21-25 Ditto-1 xylenol (3,6) 10-12 13 Ditto--17 meta cresol 13 60 Ditto-4g? ortho cresol 11-15 51-55 Ditto-H a cresylic acid (3) v 13-14 60 Ditto--13 petroleum phenols (4 1%13 60 Soluble oii 2 (a; 12-14 55430 Ditto-H alky sted phenols (6)-.. 14-17 12-15 Ditto+29 alk lated phenois 9-10 1 9 Soluble oii #3 7 1243 cc Ditto+17 alk ated phenols 10-11 13-16 Soluble o #4 8 19-26 go-.45 Ditto-{4% alkylated phenols 15-17 17-19 Notes (1) Soluble oil #1 consists of approximately 15% sulionate-naphthenateemulsiiler (4/1 ratio) in 100 viscosity oil.

2) ylenols consist oi mixture of 2,42,5 and 2,6 dimethyl. (3) Cresylic acids are so-called C. P. coal tar cresols. (4) Petroleums, phenols recovered from heating oil-no distillastillation range from 12. Composition as deflned by claim 9 in which said addition agent consists of from 0.1 to 5% of 3,5 xylenol. e

- EJNAR W. CARLSON. ELMER B. CYPHERS.

definite sep 

